在PL/SQL中可以使用LOOP語句對數據進行循環處理,利用該語句可以循環執行指定的語句序列。常用的LOOP循環語句包含3種形式:基本的LOOP、WHILE...LOOP和FOR...LOOP。
LOOP語句的基本語法結構如下:
[<>]
LOOP
statement...
END LOOP [label_name]
【語法說明】
<
LOOP:LOOP循環開始標志。
statement:LOOP語句中循環執行的語句序列。
END LOOP:LOOP循環結束標志,可以添加LOOP結構的標簽。
1.基本的LOOP語句
實例:要求聲明變量,每次循環都需要為變量增加數字1,并輸出結果。當變量值大于100時,退出循環操作。
a、利用EXIT...WHEN結束循環操作。
SQL> declare
2 v_rlt number(3):=1;
3 begin
4 <
5 loop
6 dbms_output.put_line('v_rlt = '||v_rlt);
7 v_rlt:=v_rlt+1;
8 exit fst_loop when v_rlt > 100;
9 end loop;
10 dbms_output.put_line('LOOP循環已經結束!');
11 end;
12 /
v_rlt = 1
v_rlt = 2
v_rlt = 3
v_rlt = 4
v_rlt = 5
v_rlt = 6
v_rlt = 7
v_rlt = 8
v_rlt = 9
v_rlt = 10
v_rlt = 11
v_rlt = 12
v_rlt = 13
v_rlt = 14
v_rlt = 15
v_rlt = 16
v_rlt = 17
v_rlt = 18
v_rlt = 19
v_rlt = 20
v_rlt = 21
v_rlt = 22
v_rlt = 23
v_rlt = 24
v_rlt = 25
v_rlt = 26
v_rlt = 27
v_rlt = 28
v_rlt = 29
v_rlt = 30
v_rlt = 31
v_rlt = 32
v_rlt = 33
v_rlt = 34
v_rlt = 35
v_rlt = 36
v_rlt = 37
v_rlt = 38
v_rlt = 39
v_rlt = 40
v_rlt = 41
v_rlt = 42
v_rlt = 43
v_rlt = 44
v_rlt = 45
v_rlt = 46
v_rlt = 47
v_rlt = 48
v_rlt = 49
v_rlt = 50
v_rlt = 51
v_rlt = 52
v_rlt = 53
v_rlt = 54
v_rlt = 55
v_rlt = 56
v_rlt = 57
v_rlt = 58
v_rlt = 59
v_rlt = 60
v_rlt = 61
v_rlt = 62
v_rlt = 63
v_rlt = 64
v_rlt = 65
v_rlt = 66
v_rlt = 67
v_rlt = 68
v_rlt = 69
v_rlt = 70
v_rlt = 71
v_rlt = 72
v_rlt = 73
v_rlt = 74
v_rlt = 75
v_rlt = 76
v_rlt = 77
v_rlt = 78
v_rlt = 79
v_rlt = 80
v_rlt = 81
v_rlt = 82
v_rlt = 83
v_rlt = 84
v_rlt = 85
v_rlt = 86
v_rlt = 87
v_rlt = 88
v_rlt = 89
v_rlt = 90
v_rlt = 91
v_rlt = 92
v_rlt = 93
v_rlt = 94
v_rlt = 95
v_rlt = 96
v_rlt = 97
v_rlt = 98
v_rlt = 99
v_rlt = 100
LOOP循環已經結束!
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
b、利用IF...EXIT語句結束循環
SQL> declare
2 v_rlt number(3):=1;
3 begin
4 <
5 loop
6 dbms_output.put_line('v_rlt = '||v_rlt);
7 v_rlt:=v_rlt+1;
8 if v_rlt > 100 then
9 dbms_output.put_line('變量的值已經大于100,當前值為'||v_rlt);
10 exit fst_loop;
11 end if;
12 end loop;
13 dbms_output.put_line('LOOP循環已經結束!');
14 end;
15 /
v_rlt = 1
v_rlt = 2
v_rlt = 3
v_rlt = 4
v_rlt = 5
v_rlt = 6
v_rlt = 7
v_rlt = 8
v_rlt = 9
v_rlt = 10
v_rlt = 11
v_rlt = 12
v_rlt = 13
v_rlt = 14
v_rlt = 15
v_rlt = 16
v_rlt = 17
v_rlt = 18
v_rlt = 19
v_rlt = 20
v_rlt = 21
v_rlt = 22
v_rlt = 23
v_rlt = 24
v_rlt = 25
v_rlt = 26
v_rlt = 27
v_rlt = 28
v_rlt = 29
v_rlt = 30
v_rlt = 31
v_rlt = 32
v_rlt = 33
v_rlt = 34
v_rlt = 35
v_rlt = 36
v_rlt = 37
v_rlt = 38
v_rlt = 39
v_rlt = 40
v_rlt = 41
v_rlt = 42
v_rlt = 43
v_rlt = 44
v_rlt = 45
v_rlt = 46
v_rlt = 47
v_rlt = 48
v_rlt = 49
v_rlt = 50
v_rlt = 51
v_rlt = 52
v_rlt = 53
v_rlt = 54
v_rlt = 55
v_rlt = 56
v_rlt = 57
v_rlt = 58
v_rlt = 59
v_rlt = 60
v_rlt = 61
v_rlt = 62
v_rlt = 63
v_rlt = 64
v_rlt = 65
v_rlt = 66
v_rlt = 67
v_rlt = 68
v_rlt = 69
v_rlt = 70
v_rlt = 71
v_rlt = 72
v_rlt = 73
v_rlt = 74
v_rlt = 75
v_rlt = 76
v_rlt = 77
v_rlt = 78
v_rlt = 79
v_rlt = 80
v_rlt = 81
v_rlt = 82
v_rlt = 83
v_rlt = 84
v_rlt = 85
v_rlt = 86
v_rlt = 87
v_rlt = 88
v_rlt = 89
v_rlt = 90
v_rlt = 91
v_rlt = 92
v_rlt = 93
v_rlt = 94
v_rlt = 95
v_rlt = 96
v_rlt = 97
v_rlt = 98
v_rlt = 99
v_rlt = 100
變量的值已經大于100,當前值為101
LOOP循環已經結束!
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
2、WHILE...LOOP結構
WHILE...LOOP結構和基本的LOOP語句不同,它本身可以結束LOOP循環。WHILE關鍵詞后面需要有布爾表達式,當WHILE后面的布爾表達式為TRUE時,則循環體重的語句序列被執行1次,然后會重新判斷WHILE后面的表達式是否為TRUE,只有當WHILE后的布爾表達式為FALSE時,才結束整個LOOP循環。
該語句結構的相關語法如下:
[<>]
WHILE boolean_expression
LOOP
statement...
END LOOP [label_name];
【語法說明】
boolean_expression:布爾表達式。
statement:語句序列,當boolean_expression為TRUE時,該語句序列可獲得執行權。
SQL> declare
2 v_rlt number(3):=1;
3 begin
4 <
5 while( v_rlt < 100)
6 loop
7 dbms_output.put_line('v_rlt = '||v_rlt);
8 v_rlt:=v_rlt+1;
9 end loop;
10 dbms_output.put_line('while循環已經結束!');
11 end;
12 /
v_rlt = 1
v_rlt = 2
v_rlt = 3
v_rlt = 4
v_rlt = 5
v_rlt = 6
v_rlt = 7
v_rlt = 8
v_rlt = 9
v_rlt = 10
v_rlt = 11
v_rlt = 12
v_rlt = 13
v_rlt = 14
v_rlt = 15
v_rlt = 16
v_rlt = 17
v_rlt = 18
v_rlt = 19
v_rlt = 20
v_rlt = 21
v_rlt = 22
v_rlt = 23
v_rlt = 24
v_rlt = 25
v_rlt = 26
v_rlt = 27
v_rlt = 28
v_rlt = 29
v_rlt = 30
v_rlt = 31
v_rlt = 32
v_rlt = 33
v_rlt = 34
v_rlt = 35
v_rlt = 36
v_rlt = 37
v_rlt = 38
v_rlt = 39
v_rlt = 40
v_rlt = 41
v_rlt = 42
v_rlt = 43
v_rlt = 44
v_rlt = 45
v_rlt = 46
v_rlt = 47
v_rlt = 48
v_rlt = 49
v_rlt = 50
v_rlt = 51
v_rlt = 52
v_rlt = 53
v_rlt = 54
v_rlt = 55
v_rlt = 56
v_rlt = 57
v_rlt = 58
v_rlt = 59
v_rlt = 60
v_rlt = 61
v_rlt = 62
v_rlt = 63
v_rlt = 64
v_rlt = 65
v_rlt = 66
v_rlt = 67
v_rlt = 68
v_rlt = 69
v_rlt = 70
v_rlt = 71
v_rlt = 72
v_rlt = 73
v_rlt = 74
v_rlt = 75
v_rlt = 76
v_rlt = 77
v_rlt = 78
v_rlt = 79
v_rlt = 80
v_rlt = 81
v_rlt = 82
v_rlt = 83
v_rlt = 84
v_rlt = 85
v_rlt = 86
v_rlt = 87
v_rlt = 88
v_rlt = 89
v_rlt = 90
v_rlt = 91
v_rlt = 92
v_rlt = 93
v_rlt = 94
v_rlt = 95
v_rlt = 96
v_rlt = 97
v_rlt = 98
v_rlt = 99
while循環已經結束!
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
3.FOR...LOOP結構
FOR...LOOP語句可以遍歷某個范圍的整數,該范圍被FOR和LOOP關鍵詞封閉。首次進入循環時,循環范圍將被確定,并且以后不會再次計算。每循環一次,循環指數將會自動增加1。
FOR...LOOP語句的語法結構如下
[<>]
FOR index_name IN
[ REVERSE ]
lower_bound .. upper_bound
LOOP
statement...
END LOOP [label_name];
【語法說明】
index_name:循環計數器,是一個變量,它可以得到當前的循環指數。需要注意的是,不能為其手工賦值。
REVERSE:可選項,指定循環方式。默認的循環方式由下標(lower_bound)到上標(upper_bound)。使用該選項則從上標界到下標界。
lower_bound:循環范圍的下標界。
upper_bound:循環范圍的上標界。
下標和上標之間的".."不能省略。
SQL> declare
2 v_rlt number(3):=1;
3 begin
4 for v_rlt in 1..100 loop
5 dbms_output.put_line('v_rlt = '||v_rlt);
6 end loop;
7 dbms_output.put_line('for循環已經結束!');
8 end;
9 /
v_rlt = 1
v_rlt = 2
v_rlt = 3
v_rlt = 4
v_rlt = 5
v_rlt = 6
v_rlt = 7
v_rlt = 8
v_rlt = 9
v_rlt = 10
v_rlt = 11
v_rlt = 12
v_rlt = 13
v_rlt = 14
v_rlt = 15
v_rlt = 16
v_rlt = 17
v_rlt = 18
v_rlt = 19
v_rlt = 20
v_rlt = 21
v_rlt = 22
v_rlt = 23
v_rlt = 24
v_rlt = 25
v_rlt = 26
v_rlt = 27
v_rlt = 28
v_rlt = 29
v_rlt = 30
v_rlt = 31
v_rlt = 32
v_rlt = 33
v_rlt = 34
v_rlt = 35
v_rlt = 36
v_rlt = 37
v_rlt = 38
v_rlt = 39
v_rlt = 40
v_rlt = 41
v_rlt = 42
v_rlt = 43
v_rlt = 44
v_rlt = 45
v_rlt = 46
v_rlt = 47
v_rlt = 48
v_rlt = 49
v_rlt = 50
v_rlt = 51
v_rlt = 52
v_rlt = 53
v_rlt = 54
v_rlt = 55
v_rlt = 56
v_rlt = 57
v_rlt = 58
v_rlt = 59
v_rlt = 60
v_rlt = 61
v_rlt = 62
v_rlt = 63
v_rlt = 64
v_rlt = 65
v_rlt = 66
v_rlt = 67
v_rlt = 68
v_rlt = 69
v_rlt = 70
v_rlt = 71
v_rlt = 72
v_rlt = 73
v_rlt = 74
v_rlt = 75
v_rlt = 76
v_rlt = 77
v_rlt = 78
v_rlt = 79
v_rlt = 80
v_rlt = 81
v_rlt = 82
v_rlt = 83
v_rlt = 84
v_rlt = 85
v_rlt = 86
v_rlt = 87
v_rlt = 88
v_rlt = 89
v_rlt = 90
v_rlt = 91
v_rlt = 92
v_rlt = 93
v_rlt = 94
v_rlt = 95
v_rlt = 96
v_rlt = 97
v_rlt = 98
v_rlt = 99
v_rlt = 100
for循環已經結束!
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
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